BMW R 80G/S Dakar

In 1980 the R80 G/S production model takes up the successful achievements of BMW's Works Team in off-road racing. The biggest endurance motorcycle at the time, the R80 G/S is ideally suited both for road use and for a trip on rough terrain, BMW thus paving the way for the entirely new market segment of large-displacement touring enduro's. A significant innovation is the BMW Monolever single swinging arm on the rear wheel.

BMW off-road machines participate from the start in the long-distance rally from Paris to Dakar in the West African country of Senegal. And in just three attempts the Boxer with its reliable cooling, a low centre of gravity, and the ease of maintenance offered by shaft drive really makes its way to success in its third try in 1981: French desert specialist Hubert Auriol wins the motorcycle category and is able to repeat his success in 1983. The 1,000-cc two-cylinders still based on series models bring home the title also in 1984 and 1985, former Motocross World Champion Gaston Rahier from Belgium leaving the competition far behind.

The R80 G/S and its successor, the R100 GS, quickly become successful achievers in the BMW range. Particularly "serious" motorcyclists the world over often covering long distances prefer BMW's enduro machines not just when riding in the desert. And as a new symbol of the brand, the single swinging arm is soon to be found also on other BMW machines.

Cycle World Test R80GS Dakar

When I rode the factory Paris-Dakar Desert racer I was very much on BMW's Christmas card list, since very few journalists got to ride the works bikes. This was not surprising because there were only three built for the 1981 season. The bike I rode was well and truly trashed - as in terminally dead. It had been hammered round Africa for three weeks and when I got it the poor thing was on its last legs. Even so, I could tell that the bike must have been a formidable tool when it was fresh. It was also a great credit to the factory because the bike clearly had some bloodline linked to the GS80 road bikes, where many of the works entries in the Dakar had no connection whatsoever with the road bikes from which they were allegedly derived.

The record books show that the Munich flat twins were phenomenally successful in the hands of Hubert Auriol, Gaston Rahier and J.C. Morellet - better known as "Fenouil". The factory had two pops at winning the Dakar in 1979 and 1980 before taking home the silverware in 1981 with Hubert Auriol in the saddle.

I'm not sure whether the bike I rode was Auriol's machine, as the factory claimed, but it was certainly one of three works bikes entered by BMW France.

The BMW race team were nice people - keen, enthusiastic motorcyclists and a million miles away from the slick suits and watchful eyes which dominated the marketing and PR departments. I enjoyed riding the bike and look back on it with very fond memories and a sense of real privilege that I was able to have a day's play with it.

Here are my memories from 26 years ago of what was a truly Memorable Motorcycle. Rather than trying to re-write history, and being smart after the event, I have left the story just as was originally written - warts and all. There's just one point of historical interest which needs clarifying. Throughout the story I refer to the ISDT - the International Six Days Trial. At the time, it was still a big deal to actually finish the event and so it still harked back to its original reliability trial antecedents.

The second thing which might seem odd are the references to BMW's wins in the 1979 and 1980 ISDT events. At the time, the ISDT was organized according to capacity bands and the 500cc plus was, de facto, restricted to big, heavy four-strokes. It was this segregation of the bikes which allowed BMW to do so well.

Finally, 26 years ago BMW Motorrad was a much, much smaller factory than it is today and had only a tiny range of motorcycles.

I hope that these footnotes help you to put the rest of the story into context.

Finally, I would like to add one personal comment. It is the first time I have looked at these pictures for many years and they remind me that any bike journalist who tells you that he has a hard or stressful job is being, at best, rather silly.

There I was - a fit young man who could ride a bit given a works bike, a rather mad factory mechanic, five gallons of fuel and a van full of beer and sausage sandwiches for the day. And got paid! Thank you God.

Paris Dakar Works BMW

The problem which faces BMW is one which must occur regularly in the boardrooms of the smaller motorcycle companies. In the simplest terms, the question is, "How do we go racing and yet still keep costs at a tolerable level?"

Racing has many advantages. To the marketing people, it can be a very effective aid to sales, whilst it provides a spur to the development staff which can only benefit the production machines. However, since most forms of racing require astronomical budgets, both these advantages are outweighed by the sheer costs involved, particularly when it is very easy to spend a lot of money and still not win anything. BMW's answer to this conundrum has been to enter the world's major off-road endurance races.

The factory has always had a semi-official interest in ISDT racing, but as a boost to the launch of the R80GS, a full works team was fielded that earned its keep by dominating the unlimited class of the 1979 ISDT and the European Enduro Championships. Even as it did so, the writing was on the wall for the big BMWs. As ISDT events become increasingly closer to motocross events, the BMWs stand at a disadvantage, particularly since the big-bore, two-stroke opposition is becoming more manageable and more competitive every year.

Accordingly, the factory has turned to races in which utter reliability is of paramount importance. If these events require bikes which are at least superficially similar to production machines, then so much the better.

Thus, January 1, 1981, saw three factory BMWs line up for the start of the 10,000 km race from Paris to Dakar. All three bikes were surprisingly near to the standard R80GS trail bikes because, above all else, the Paris-Dakar rally is a bike-breaker and no place for a lightweight ISDT machine.

The difference in intent is reflected in the weights of the bikes. The 870cc ISDT machine weighed only 307 lbs ready to race, whilst the 800cc Paris-Dakar bike is 330 lbs dry. With the addition of tools, spare parts and 45 Litresof petrol carried in a huge steel tank, winner Hubert Auriol was faced with a racing motorcycle weighing a little under 400 lbs - a formidable beast by any standards. 

Auriol was educated in Ethiopia and gained that intangible insight into African conditions which is essential to do well in this marathon event. His nickname in the BMW team was "The African." It was his vast local knowledge that BMW incorporated in the very special R80GS, which I rode at BMWs Munich test track.

Beneath the huge 45-liter petrol tank is an almost standard R80GS frame. The swinging arm mounts are different, since the Paris-Dakar bike employs the twin swinging arm from the ISDT bikes. This is needed, since when the bikes were built BMW had still not solved the problem of mounting a 5-inch section tire in a single arm system.

Because the event is so arduous, the motor remains almost standard R80. The 870cc Six Days motor is noticeably more rapid and although this unit is bulletproof in six days of competition, the Paris-Dakar event is so tough that the big motor could not stand the pace.

The main modifications to the engine lay in the cylinder heads, which are borrowed from the R65 because of the quality of the smaller motor's combustion chambers. The R65 valve stems are beefed up by 1mm, again to ensure bulletproof reliability.

To reduce the amount of spare parts carried on the bike, the rocker box is split into two parts so that half of either box can be changed quickly in the event of damage or a crash.

The gearbox and clutch are basically standard but the internal ratios come from the ISDT bike, whilst the overall ratios are changed depending on the type of going during the event. The ignition system comes straight from the 1981 BMW range and has proved to be absolutely faultless.

Maico forks, complete with BMW R80 disc brakes, are employed at the front of the bike, whilst a Bilstein damper with external reservoir looks after the rear. This damper proved to be rather puny for African racing and Auriol bent a number during the course of the race.

There were also some very special touches that mark out the bike as a true endurance racer. The 45-liter tank (over 9 gallons) is the most obvious and the reason for this huge capacity is so that the riders could race all day without refueling. Hand pumped petrol was available at bowsers located throughout the desert, but less fortunate riders had to queue for supplies, whilst Auriol and his BMW teammate pressed on.

The saddle and suspension were solid! When I queried this firmness, it was explained that Auriol just simply never shut off once he was really motoring and if he came to a pot hole or a dried up river bed, he carried on regardless and crash landed on the other side. Hence the need for rock-solid suspension and a saddle which would not bottom out and send shock waves to the frame, no matter how hard the rider hits it.

When one considers all these diverse elements, it becomes clear as to why the BMWs are so well suited to this sort of racing. Their very low center of gravity makes the huge petrol tank at least manageable, if not comfortable, and the flat topped crankcase of the boxer engine even provides a large area on which the copious, and essential spares kit can be carried.

After riding the factory ISDT bike last year, I did not feel that the Paris-Dakar bike could hold any terrors for me. After all, it was slower and the extra 50 lbs could not make much difference. How wrong you can be!

The first problem was in getting on the bike. The saddle height was about 38 inches and with virtually no suspension sag. I was left with my toes waving in the air a couple of inches from terra firma. For the first time since I was ten, I had to have someone to hold a bike whilst I clambered aboard!

The saddle height posed great psychological problems. It was a truly unnerving experience to feel the great mass of the BMW fall into a corner knowing that if anything happened there was no way I could take a steadying prod. Everything felt very badly out of place purely because I lacked confidence in the bike.

After a couple of hours we were getting nowhere at all and I became so frustrated with the great lump that I began just bulldozing it along the fast gravel tracks which comprise BMW's test area.

The transformation was miraculous. Treated with firmness and driven hard, the big BMW became as mild mannered and trustworthy as its ISDT brother. Obviously it was unwieldy at low speeds, but once on the fast tracks - the sort of going for which it was designed - it was as smooth and stable as a magic carpet.

The 800cc motor was noticeably tired, but even so, it pulled from zero revs right up to its peak at 7,000 rpm. All the time the power was creamy smooth and quite effortless. Just the sort of characteristics that would help a rider make light work of a 10,000 km race.

Because of the hardness of the springing, the Maico forks left something to be desired, but the disc brakes worked very well, as did the traditional rear sls drum. Overall, the handling - taking the weight of the massive tank into consideration - was excellent and a great vindication of the basic R80 frame geometry.

There is no doubt that the Paris-Dakar bike is an incredibly complete package and all the more remarkable because so much of the standard R80GS is used in it.  The motorcycle was a true warrior in its time. 

Gaston Rahier

Review

Frank Mailing tries the works BMW on which Hubert Auriol won the 6000 miles Paris-Dakar marathon.

AFTER riding BMW's factory ISDT bike last year, I did not feel that the Paris-Dakar bike could hold any terrors for me. After all, it was slower and the extra 50lbs could not make much difference. How wrong can you be! The first problem was in getting on the bike. The saddle-height was about 38" and with virtually no suspension sag, I was left with my toes waving in the air a couple of inches from terra firma. For the first time since I was ten, I had to have someone to hold the bike whilst I clambered aboard!

The saddle height posed great psychological problems. It was a truly unnerving experience to feel the great mass of the BMW fall into a corner knowing that if anything happened, there was no way I could take a steadying prod. Everything felt very badly out of place purely because I lacked confidence in the bike. After a couple of hours, we were getting nowhere at all and I became so frustrated with the great lump that I began just bulldozing it along the fast gravel tracks which comprise BMW's test ground - a military area near Munich a long way from the wilderness of the Sahara! The transformation was miraculous. Treated with firmness and driven hard, the big BMW became as mild mannered and trustworthy as its ISDT brother. It was unwieldly at low speeds but once on the fast tracks — the sort of going for which it was designed — it was as smooth and stable as a magic carpet.

The 800cc motor was noticeably tired, but even so, it pulled from zero revs right up to its peak at 7,000rpm. All the time, the power was creamy smooth and quite effortless. Just the sort of characteristics which would help a rider make light work of a 10,000rpm race, cruising at around 90 mph with a maximum in the region of 110mph. Because of the hardness of the springing, the Maico forks left something to be desired but the disc brakes worked very well, as did the traditional rear single leading shoe drum. Overall handling — taking the weight of the massive tank into consideration — was excellent and a great vindication of the basic R80 frame geometry.

As time goes by, BMW are gaining more experience at long distance racing. For the Baja venture, the bike will be very similar to the Paris-Daker giants but with slightly livelier motors which produce 60bhp but again with the excellent torque and very wide power bands.
The frame will be pure R80 in geometry, complete with single tube swinging arm this time but will be constructed from lighter 1mm chrome moly tubing. BMW race technicians are hopeful of a race weight of around 300lb, which for a bike which is awfully near to the mass produced R80GS in design, is very good indeed. Whilst no-one at the factory is overconfident, there is a quiet enthusiasm that having won their class in the ISDT and Paris-Dakar outright, they can produce a winner for America's Baja 1000 classic from South California to Mexico.

The problem which faces BMW is one which must occur regularly in the board rooms of the smaller motorcycle companies. In the simplest terms, the question is, "How do we go racing and yet still keep costs to a tolerable level?" Racing has many advantages. To the marketing people, it can be a very effective aid to sales, whilst it provides a spur to the development staff which can only benefit the production machines. However, since most forms of racing require astronomical budgets, both these advantages are outweighed by the sheer costs involved, particularly when it is very easy to spend a lot of money and still not win anything. BMW's answer to this conundrum has been to enter the classic off-road endurance races.

The factory has always had a semi-official interest in big-time enduros but as a boost to the launch of the R80GS, a full works team earned its keep by dominating the unlimited class of the 1979 ISDT, and also the European enduro championships. But the writing was on the wall for the big BMW's. As the now renamed ISDE becomes increasingly closer to motocross events, so the BMW's stand at a disadvantage, particularly since big bore two-strokes become more manageable and competitive every year. Accordingly, the factory has turned to races in which utter reliability is of paramount importance. If these events require bikes which are at least superficially similar to production machines, then so much the better.

Thus, on January 1 1981, three factory BMW's lined up for the start of the 10,000km race from Paris to Dakar. All three bikes were surprisingly near to the standard R80GS trail bikes because, above all else, the Paris-Dakar rally is a bike breaker and no place for a
lightweight ISDT machine. The difference in intent is reflected in the weight of the bikes. The 870cc ISDT machine weighed only 307lbs., ready to race, whilst the 800cc Paris-Dakar bike was 330lbs , dry. With the addition of tools, spare parts and 45 liters of petrol carried in a huge steel tank, winner Hubert Auriol was faced with a racing motorcycle weighing a little under 400lbs. — a formidable beast by any standards.

Auriol was educated in Ethiopia and gained that intangible insight into African conditions which is essential to do well in this marathon event. His nickname in the BMW team was "The African". It was his vast local knowledge which BMW incorporated in the very special R80GS which I rode at BMW's Munich test rack exclusively for Dirt Bike Rider. Beneath the huge 45 litre petrol tank is an almost standard R80GS frame. The swinging arm mounts are different since the Paris-Dakar bike employs the twin-arm swinging arm from the ISDT bike. This is needed since, when the bikes were built, BMW had still not solved the problem of mounting a 5.00 section tyre in a single arm system.

Because the event is so arduous, the motor remains almost standard R80. The 870cc ISDT motor is noticeably more rapid but although this unit is bulletproof in six days of competition, the Paris-Dakar event is so tough that the big motor could not stand the pace.
The main modifications to the engine lay in the cylinder heads, which are borrowed from the R65, because of the quality of the smaller motor's combustion chambers. The R65 valve stems are beefed up by 1mm, again to ensure bullet-proof reliability.

To reduce the amount of spare parts carried on the bike, the rocker box is split into two parts so that half of either box can be changed quickly in the event of damage or a crash. The gearbox and clutch are basically standard but the internal ratios come from the ISDT bike whilst the overall ratios are changed depending on the type of going during the event. The ignition system comes straight from the 1981 BMW range and has proved to be absolutely faultless.

Maico forks, complete with BMW R80 disc brake, are employed at the front of the bike whilst a Bilstein damper with external
reservoir looks after the rear. This damper proved to be rather puny for African racing and Auriol bent a number during the course of the race.
There were also some very special touches which mark out the bike as a true endurance racer. The 45 litre tank (about 9 gallons) is the most obvious and the reason for this huge capacity is so that the riders could race all day without refuelling. Hand pumped petrol was available at bowers located throughout the desert but the less fortunate riders had to queue for supplies, whilst Auriol and his BMW teammates pressed on.

The saddle and suspension were solid! When I queried this firmness, it was explained that Auriol just simply never shut off once he was really motoring and if he came to a pot-hole, or dried-up river bed, he carried on regardless and crash-landed on the other side. Hence the need for rock-solid suspension and a saddle which would not compress down to the frame, no matter how hard the rider hits it.
When one considers all these diverse elements, it becomes clear as to why the BMW's are so well-suited to this sort of racing. Their very low centre of gravity makes the huge petrol tank at least manageable, if not comfortable, and the flat topped crankcase of the boxer engine even provides a large area on which the copious, and essential, spares kit can be carried.

Significantly, the works BMW's will not compete in the biggest capacity class of this years international Six Days Enduro on the Island of Elba. Although two factory mechanics will compete on traditional flat twins, second gear terrain is no longer the realm of the high-speed desert giants.

Source Dirt Bike Rider